中国晚白垩世陆相红层与恐龙蛋化石群序列及其地层学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

汪筱林  王强  蒋顺兴  程心  张嘉良  赵资奎  蒋严根 《地层学杂志》2012,(2):400-416

中国的恐龙蛋化石埋藏丰富,分布广泛。迄今为止,已报道有14个省(区)发现恐龙蛋化石。尤其在浙江天台盆地、山东莱阳盆地、广东南雄盆地以及河南西峡和淅川盆地等晚白垩世陆相红层中发现大量的恐龙蛋化石,同时也发现大量共生的恐龙等脊椎动物化石。中国恐龙蛋化石具有数量大、种类多、保存好、分布广、时代跨度大等特点,因此恐龙蛋可以作为中国白垩纪陆相地层划分与对比的重要化石之一。本文在建立天台盆地赖家组和赤城山组的岩石地层、年代地层和恐龙蛋生物地层层序框架的基础上,重点对比讨论了我国几个主要含恐龙蛋沉积盆地的恐龙蛋类群组合序列及其对应的地层关系。同时,对我国周边相邻地区如蒙古、韩国和印度以及其他各个大陆发现的恐龙蛋化石进行了初步对比讨论。天台恐龙蛋化石群与我国其他几个主要的恐龙蛋化石群之间存在一定的差距。相比较而言,天台恐龙蛋化石群和南雄恐龙蛋化石群组合特征鲜明,前者主要以网形蛋类和蜂窝蛋类为主,后者以长形蛋类为优势类群,结合天台盆地陆相红层中多个凝灰岩夹层获得的98～91Ma和南雄盆地67Ma的同位素年龄,据此,天台恐龙蛋化石群代表了晚白垩世早期的恐龙蛋组合,而南雄恐龙蛋化石群则代表了晚白垩世晚期的恐龙蛋组合。天台恐龙蛋化石群与莱阳恐龙蛋化石群明显不同,莱阳盆地的主要蛋化石类型——圆形蛋类和椭圆形蛋类在天台盆地至今没有被发现。但莱阳恐龙蛋化石群与南雄恐龙蛋化石群比较相似,如莱阳盆地金刚口组以椭圆形蛋类为主,含有少量的长形蛋类,而南雄盆地以长形蛋类为主,含有少量的椭圆形蛋类,其中金刚口椭圆形蛋、薄皮椭圆形蛋、长形长形蛋和安氏长形蛋等2属4种蛋化石在两个盆地均有发现。此外,在莱阳盆地王氏群中下部的将军顶组还发现了相对原始的网形蛋类。综合以上分析,莱阳恐龙蛋化石群大致介于晚白垩世早期的天台恐龙蛋化石群和晚白垩世晚期的南雄恐龙蛋化石群之间,更接近于南雄恐龙蛋化石群,时代应为晚白垩世中晚期。天台恐龙蛋化石群与西峡恐龙蛋化石群非常相似,在科一级分类单元中,至少有巨型长形蛋类、蜂窝蛋类和棱柱形蛋类等6个蛋科在两个盆地中均有发现,尤其是巨型长形蛋科仅在天台和西峡两个盆地中有化石记录,其中西峡巨型长形蛋这一蛋种同时产于西峡盆地走马岗组、赵营组和天台盆地的赤城山组。西峡盆地发现的其他一些蛋化石也可以归入到天台盆地新建立的一些蛋化石类型中。据此推断,走马岗组和赵营组与赤城山组的层位可能大致相当。虽然我们对西峡盆地已报道的部分恐龙蛋化石进行了初步厘定,但鉴于西峡盆地大量恐龙蛋化石的形态学和分类学尚存在较多的问题,两盆地的详细对比还有待于进一步的研究。天台恐龙蛋化石群与淅川盆地的恐龙蛋化石组合差别很大,相应的淅川盆地的恐龙蛋类群与相邻的西峡盆地的差别也较大,此外,在淅川盆地高沟组发现有树枝蛋类,这一类蛋化石在天台盆地未发现,据此推测淅川盆地的时代应晚于天台盆地和西峡盆地。相比较而言,淅川盆地的蛋化石组合与莱阳和南雄恐龙蛋化石群有一定的相似性,都含有长形蛋类、圆形蛋类和椭圆形蛋类等,因而,淅川盆地的马家村组和寺沟组的层位被认为可能与莱阳盆地的金刚口组和南雄盆地的坪岭组相当。综上分析,我们可以初步建立我国晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石群的组合序列及其对应的地层层序和时代框架,从下至上至少包含了4个恐龙蛋化石群:1)天台恐龙蛋化石群,赋存层位为天台群中上部的赖家组和赤城山组,时代约为晚白垩世早期(塞诺曼期土伦期);2)西峡恐龙蛋化石群,赋存层位为走马岗组、赵营组和六爷庙组,晚白垩世早中期(土伦期桑顿期);3)莱阳恐龙蛋化石群,赋存层位为王氏群中上部的将军顶组和金刚口组,晚白垩世中晚期(科尼亚克期坎潘期);4)南雄恐龙蛋化石群,赋存层位为南雄群园圃组和坪岭组,晚白垩世晚期(坎潘期马斯特里赫特期)。此外,随着研究工作的继续和深入,有望建立起包括早白垩世恐龙蛋化石群在内的白垩纪恐龙蛋化石群的组合特征序列,为进一步划分与对比我国白垩纪地层提供更多的基础资料。  相似文献   

Rapid shipboard identification and enumeration of pelagic marine fish eggs by a simple photographic technique (note)     

Robin C. Murdoch  Richard J. Singleton  Ken R. Grange 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):137-140

A technique is described for obtaining rapid high‐quality silhouette photographs of plankton samples at sea. This technique was designed to facilitate identification and enumeration of pelagic marine fish eggs in near real‐time. It uses readily available photographic materials and unlike previously described techniques, the silhouettes are recorded directly on to photographic paper rather than film. The resolution is adequate for microscopic measurements. Examples are presented from a cruise off Westland, New Zealand, which investigated the distribution of hoki eggs.  相似文献   

Biota of a subalpine springbrook in the Southern Alps     

B. Cowie  M. J. Winterbourn 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):295-301

The flora and fauna of a subalpine springbrook at Cass in the Southern Alps of New Zealand was studied from April 1975 to January 1976. Spring water was moderately hard (30.0 g.m.^‐3), with high concentrations of dissolved oxygen (> 90% saturation) and carbon dioxide (5–14 g.m^‐3) and a temperature of 6.0–6.5°C. Three mosses covered much of the stream bed and formed distinct zones. Fissidens rigidulus inhabited torrential, water near the middle of the channel, Pterygophyllum quadrijarium. grew in the water‐saturated inner spray zone, and Cratoneuropsis relaxa inhabited the outer spray zone. In moss samples, 44 species of invertebrates were collected, mainly immature stages of insects. Zelandoperla jenestrata (Plecoptera), Zelolessica cheira (Trichoptera) a species of Empididae (Diptera) and several species of Chironomidae were most abundant in Fissidens; Austroperla cyrene (Plecoptera), a species of Helodidae (Coleoptera) and a triclad, Neppia montana, were most abundant in Pterygophyllum; an isopod, Styloniscus otakensis, was the only common animal on Cratoneuropsis. It is suggested that animal microdistribution patterns reflect differences in water saturation, flow rates, and detritus trapping ability within the moss zones.  相似文献   

Preliminary diagnosis of a new species of marine isopod from Stewart Island (note)     

K. P. Jansen 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):261-262

A preliminary diagnosis is given for Paravireia pistus sp. nov.  相似文献   

母源免疫对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)子代抗体IgM水平的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁福红  雷霁霖  韩明明  刘新富  马爱军 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(5):1231-1305

采用鳗弧菌灭活疫苗对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)雌性亲鱼免疫方法, 进行了母源免疫对子代抗体水平、变化规律的影响及卵子中抗体蛋白空间分布特征的研究。结果表明, 免疫亲鱼产出的卵子中IgM抗体水平显著高于对照组。胚胎发育过程中, 抗体水平整体呈下降趋势, 且48h前下降迅速, 免疫组抗体水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 48h以后, 免疫组和对照组间无显著差异。卵子中抗体蛋白免疫组化定位结果表明, 未受精卵中IgM抗体集中分布在卵膜内侧边缘, 卵黄部分分布不明显。研究还发现, 卵巢液中抗体水平显著高于卵子匀浆液, 且免疫亲鱼组卵巢液中抗体水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本实验验证了大菱鲆特异性抗体的母源传递性, 并揭示了在本免疫条件下的传递时效, 为进一步开展通过母源免疫对育苗早期疾病防控途径的探索奠定了基础。  相似文献   

High-West and Low-East Distribution Patterns of Chlorophyll a, Primary Productivity and Diatoms in the Subarctic North Pacific Surface Waters, Midwinter 1996   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Akihiro Shiomoto  Hiroki Asami 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(4):493-503

We have determined chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration, primary productivity, cell density and species composition of diatoms, and the number of microzooplankton at the surface in the subarctic North Pacific in January 1996. The wet weight of copepods obtained by vertical tows from 150 m to the surface was also measured during the cruise. Chla concentration and primary productivity tended to be higher in the region west of 180°, the western subarctic North Pacific (WSNP), than east of 180°, the eastern subarctic North Pacific (ESNP). The same results were observed for the total diatom cell densities and for the genera Thalassiosira and Denticulopsis. Significant linear relationships were observed between the Thalassiosira cell density and Chla concentration and primary productivity, indicating that Thalassiosira contributes to the high-WSNP and low-ESNP distribution patterns of Chla concentration and primary productivity. Moreover, naked ciliate abundance tended to be lower in the WSNP than in the ESNP, whereas copepod biomass showed an inverse trend. Significantly negative Spearman rank correlations were found between the Thalassiosira cell density and the number of naked ciliates and between the number of naked ciliates and the wet weight of copepods. These results indicate that copepod grazing indirectly controls Thalassiosira cell density via predation on the naked ciliates. We conclude that the high copepod biomass in the WSNP is a factor controlling the high-WSNP and low-ESNP Thalassiosira abundance and hence Chla concentration and primary productivity patterns.  相似文献   

基于层次分析法的莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼评估     

潘广臣  邱盛尧  张华  刘欣 《海洋科学》2017,41(5):34-41

作者采用层次分析法对莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构进行评估,旨在为渔业水域生态环境保护和渔业资源的合理利用提供参考和依据。根据2014年5月、6月和9月对莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼的调查结果,分别以生物、经济、化学3类评价指标构建层次结构模型,最终计算得到各站位评分。结果表明:2014年夏季到秋季的时间变化中,莱州湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构最优区域的分布存在由近岸向中央区域转移的明显趋势。同时,在评估结果方面,针对评估体系中化学指标的存在与否,莱州湾近岸区域相对于中央区域反应更加敏感。  相似文献   

安徽齐云山晚白垩世恐龙蛋矿物和元素组成及古环境分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜琴  何情  郑刘根  胡毅 《岩矿测试》2017,36(4):340-349

安徽齐云山新发现的恐龙蛋化石保存完好,是研究该地区晚白垩世恐龙动物群生活环境及绝灭的关键。本文采用粉晶X射线衍射法(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)分析齐云山恐龙蛋壳、蛋核及围岩的宏观矿物及主量、微量元素组成,以探讨齐云山晚白垩世古环境和古气候特征。结果表明:恐龙蛋壳主要矿物组成为方解石和石英,且蛋内外物质矿物组成相似,主要为石英和长石;而元素组成包括常量元素Ca、Na、Mg、K、Al和Fe及微量元素Sr、Zn、Ba、As、Ti、V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Mn、Pb、La、U和Ir,其中Sr在蛋壳中含量的平均值为6199.3×10~(-6),高于河南西峡及广东南雄大部分恐龙蛋壳中的Sr含量,蛋壳中Ir含量的平均值为59.6×10~(-12),Sr和Ir与背景值相比均有明显异常,分析认为是恐龙与外界进行物质交换时吸收有害元素引起的。而As、Mn和Pb的富集及Zn的不足可能使恐龙机体中毒进而灭绝。围岩中Fe含量的增加表明齐云山地区晚白垩世为干旱炎热的气候条件,与Fe呈正相关性的Ir元素随Fe含量的增加而富集,且越靠近K/T界线,围岩中Sr和Ir元素含量越高,这是导致该地区恐龙动物群绝灭的原因之一。此结论为研究齐云山地区恐龙动物群的生活环境提供了依据。  相似文献   

Reduction of hydrocarbon contamination on viability of Acartia pacifica benthic resting eggs   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜晓东  王桂忠  林琼武 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(1):91-96

The potential effect of hydrocarbon contamination on the hatching success of benthic resting eggs of Acartia pacifica in Xiamen Bay was investigated experimentally. The number of nauplii emerging from the sediment samples decreased with increasing Fuel Oil #0 concentration. The estimated rate of mortality increased markedly with the increase of Fuel Oil #0 concentration. Successive fuel Oil #0 concentrations from 50 mg/kg to 5000 mg/kg reduced the number of hatched nauplii by 3.8% -100%. The mortality of A. pacifica resting eggs due to Fuel Oil #0 contamination did not significantly increase as time progressed at each concentration level. The LC50 values of resting eggs, changing from 237.12 to 279.59 mg/kg, remained at an almost stable level in two months. The number of A. pacifica nauplii that hatched from the sediment at 10℃ was higher than those from the sediment at 30℃, which indicates that the toxicity of Fuel Oil #0 on A. pacifica resting eggs increases with increasing temperature.  相似文献   

The daily fecundity reduction method: a new procedure for estimating adult fish biomass     

Lo  N. Chyan-huei; Hunter  John R.; Moser  H. Geoffrey; Smith  Paul E.; Methot  Richard D. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1992,49(2):209-215

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